Business & Management Studies

Abstract

Management is a practice of coordinating and governing collective action. Leading this social collaboration and this organizational practice called management, a research question remains: What is the Essence of Management?  The literature considers that the modern capitalist system gave rise to management practices.  But, both capitalism and management preexisted modern industrial revolution.  This historical amalgam creates a misleading belief that management can only be applied within this historical materialism. This fundamental research through sociological and anthropological metasynthesis reveals how Management is a social practice independent of organizations and the economic system while a longitudinal social experimentation reveals how existential reflexivity transforms the management social practice toward an existentialist contribution. The discussion addresses the implication in considering management as a social practice and it’s potential for radical humanist transformation.